Showing posts sorted by date for query tom hinman. Sort by relevance Show all posts
Showing posts sorted by date for query tom hinman. Sort by relevance Show all posts

Monday, January 29, 2024

UPDATED 1/29/24: Pearce PRD Deforestation Rivals the Devastation of Group Health's Tree Habitat

A Bobcat's "last stand" in Sigmund and Werner's backyard / credit Sigmund

In 2007, I made two trips to Sigmund and Werner's house to commiserate with them about their severe loss of a forest bordering their property.   Losing a neighborhood forest and it's wildlife is close to losing and mourning the loss of a dear friend. It hurts and it takes time. I know this from the Education Hill Perrigo Heights clear-cut. Sigmonde showed their pictures and I listened. She took me on hurried walk through the forest before the clear-cut. It was all over in just a few days.

The photograph of this urban Bobcat was taken by Werner & Sigmund. Their home borders on a North Redmond 18-acre forest.  Over 300 mature trees were cleared for 76 single-family homes with lot sizes ***4000 - 22,000 SF, according city documents. The project (178th Ct. NE & NE 116th St.) is known as "Pearce PRD" and is one of many environmentally sensitive projects in Redmond developed by Eric Campbell's Camwest Development, Inc. of Kirkland, WA.

According to a "Wildlife Study Report" filed by wetland , wildlife, and forest consultant Chad Armour, LLC on January 20, 2007 "the site may have the potential to support as many as 68 different species of wildlife". Sigmund has also observed coyotes and deer in her backyard and there have been neighborhood reports of *black bear. Where will they go?

Camwest paid an arborist for a tree preservation plan required by city permit. The arborist reported that 294 significant trees were clear-cut. That's 54% of the 489 significant trees on the project. 39 Landmark trees were presumed removed.  Landmark trees are supposed to get special protections. (see Councilwoman Kim Allen's statement, below).

Chad Armour made two brief site visits. Among Mr. Armour's qualifications, he is a "certified wetland delineator" and has a certificate in commercial real estate. He was hired by Camwest to write environmental reports for the city land use permit. 

Mr. Armour reported: nine wetlands and 20 State Priority habitat tree snags, ideal for Pileated Woodpecker nesting. He identified a foraging P. Woodpecker, and a Great Blue Heron "in the vicinity". The Great Blue Heron is valued by the State and Redmond as a Priority Species of Local Importance. Nesting P. Woodpeckers are potentially endangered and have protections when nests are present. I was told by a resident Armour spent only several hours during each of his two visits to the site.

Mr. Armour stated a heron rookery is located about one mile SE of the site. City planner Cathy Beam indicated months ago these eastern rookery nests were vacated. Mr. Armour also noted a stream map indicating coho salmon migrate to within a few hundred feet of the project site. A tributary to Bear Creek and two ponds are present.   

Obviously, significant and devastating deforestation of  "urban open space" has occurred. Habitat destruction was far more extensive than Camwest's Tyler's Creek and Perrigo Heights developments. Fortunately, Camwest does a good job restoring and enhancing their streams, wetlands, and forest buffers. However, according to the neighbors, the development will be setback only 20 feet from their properties and exposed neighborhood trees will be endangered by resultant high winds.

Councilwoman Kim Allen is to be commended for speaking up for the neighborhood during Werner's Landmark Tree Exception appeal. Councilman Richard Cole appeared insensitive during reconsideration of the Landmark Tree appeal stating Werner was slowing down the project. Ms. Allen is a qualified lawyer and is a strong council advocate for "green" protections and standards. ** Ms. Allen's statement urging amendments to city tree preservation standards are below. The city is holding a Community Meeting on Thursday, 7/28 to ask for ideas on how to improve Residential Development permitting. Contact Jeff Churchill for more information by emailing: jchurchill@redmond.gov.

*** The City Neighborhood Map and Notice of Application quote different lot size ranges.

**'Councilmember Allen read a written request to the staff as follows, 'Tree retention is an expressed value of the citizens of Redmond articulated in the Comprehensive Plan, Neighborhood Plans, and community meetings. Redmond’s tree retention law reflects that a detailed and thoughtful analysis by the Administrator of what should be a detailed and written account of extraordinary circumstances is required to justify the felling of any landmark tree or drastically reducing our declining canopy. In this case there is no record of that detailed analysis by staff which does both the staff and the citizens a disservice. Our Code Administrators should begin to provide a written and detailed analysis of their reasoning on all of these exceptions to our Tree Retention Ordinance and that the code should be amended to provide notice to adjacent property owners when such a request is made.' - contributed by Werner

###

QUESTIONS:  Was off-site mitigation required?  It not, how where were they replaced? PRD' appeals are Quasi-Judicial. Was there adequate notice?  Tom Hinman, a respected planning commissioner, influenced the city years later to map significant and landmark trees on the Notice of Application. Why did it take so long?   In 2022, Tree Regulations were updated to protect/preserve Redmond's remaining trees on private properties.  It's 2024 and the updated tree regulations still haven't been implemented owing to legal issues Kirkland is facing. No comment.   

Opinion and report by Bob Yoder, ~ 2007, updated 1/29/2024  

Additional "land use" articles are found using the blog search engine.

Sunday, August 14, 2022

Tom Hinman, Redmond Activist And Commissioner Passes


Tom Hinman
June 6th, 1945 - July, 24th 2022

Share a memory, expressions of sympathy, or give flowers on Tom's Neptune Society Page.

My sympathies will be shared on Tom's Neptune page.  BY

Dear Friends and Family,

This morning, Sunday, July 24th at 7:00 am, Tom went home to God.  I am deeply grateful for the 42 1/2 years of marriage that we shared. He asked that his memorial service and interment be held at the military cemetery at Mira Mar, near San Diego. All who knew Tom know what a wonderful, loving man he was.  His passing is a deep loss to our family and extended family.

Sincerely,
Monica Hinman

Tom Hinman, was a long-standing Redmond planning commissioner and environmental & community activist

He founded "Imagine Overlake" to organize and facilitate resident participation in the redevelopment of Overlake. Tom co-founded "Sustainable Redmond." and was nominated for a "Leadership Eastside" award. Tom's annual meetings were attended by council members, environmentalists and citizens at large. 

Tom loved urban trees and their contribution to our ecology and well-being.  After the Group Health clear-cut he led volunteers in salvaging and transplanting understory shrubs to the Audubon Bird Loop.  Tom activated urban tree conversations at Council meetings.  He pushed for and accomplished a city requirement to map trees on land use notices. 

Tom cited the Overlake Corridor expansion, Group Health clear-cut, and the Nokomis Building dispute as examples of the City’s long-standing disregard for resident and community input on issues of growth; and wrote abundant of emails to change that.

Former Redmond Mayor Rosemarie Ives' tribute: 

I am so very sad!!! Thought Redmond was blessed to have an outstanding candidate for the Planning Commission when I appointed him!   His participation there in addition to chairing the commission was exemplary! However, no one in recent times could match Tom’s public participation and diplomacy as a citizen activist from the time he left the Planning Commission up to last year. ..a span of 11 years. He was well researched, thorough, providing live testimony with written copies punctuated and substantiated by citations from City of Redmond documents.  From his Sustainable Redmond commitment to unsuccessfully saving 1200 significant and landmark trees at Group Health in Overlake, to updates of the Comprehensive Plan and related planning issues, he was most strident about the City’s less than authentic participation opportunities for the public…it was about a year ago when the “update of the tree protection regulations” was edited to “tree regulations” omitting the word “protection” that he conceded to me that preparation for and providing input to the City was a waste of his time and mine! Never would he or I know what his fate would be just one year later!

Tom and his wife, Monica, and Jon and I discovered that we had sons living in San Diego. There were years where we saw more of each other there than in Redmond! For several years we worked out at KOKO Fit on Cleveland Street too! He was a “go to” guy to discuss some really important city issues… he now joins Richard Grubb…I miss both of them!!! 

-- Former Mayor Ives



Friday, June 15, 2018

Make Your Voice Heard on Sear's Redevelopment Plan

You may have heard that there is a large, multi-year redevelopment plan being proposed by Seritage Growth Properties for the Overlake Sears location.  After several months of City Council review, the public is now encouraged to provide formal feedback at a hearing scheduled for Tuesday, June 19, 7:30 PM, City Hall.  Extensive project materials are available at City of Redmond

Suggested topics:  transportation, bike travel, mobility, affordable housing, affordable services, parks, building design and height, performance center, transit services, landscaping, connectivity to Bellevue and Downtown Redmond.  

The proposal calls for the redevelopment of the approximately 13 acre Sears site for a mixed-use development that includes:
  • 500 multifamily units
  • 210 room hotel
  • 100,100 square feet of street level retail space
  • 23,000 square feet of market/food retail space
  • 266,800 square feet of office space
  • 62,700 square feet of restaurant space
  • 2,245 stalls of underground parking
  • And approximately 2.1 acres of parks and open space

Special thanks to Tom Hinman for his community outreach efforts and keeping us informed of the Seritage re-development plan.

Friday, March 23, 2018

Eight-story Modera Overlake project-design is under review, public is invited to comment

Image result for design review board
Internet photo
This project is under review by the City's Design Review Board (DRB.)  The DRM is appointed by the City Council and is comprised of five professionals and two residents who volunteer their time and represent the community at large. 

The purpose of the Board is to make urban decisions that will promote visual quality throughout the City  DRB meets on the first and third Thursdays of each month at 7 pm in the City Council Chambers. Planner Gary Lee manages the meeting. 

If you have questions or want to receive updates on "Modera Overlake Apartments" and other projects e-mail Gary at glee@redmond.gov.  

The "Modera Overlake Apartment" project address is 15260 Bel-Red Road.  The site is near Aero Rent A Car next to Brown Bear Car Wash and across from Jimmy John's.

CITY LETTER TO THE DESIGN REVIEW BOARD:  "This first "Modera Overlake Apartment" pre-application meeting is to learn about the applicant’s (Modera Overlake) development concept, and to provide input regarding design issues the Board and staff will be interested in addressing through further design development.

With the two new buildings across Bel-Red Road, in Bellevue, and being that this might be the 1st new building in Overlake Village, Staff would like to ensure this building sets a good design direction and tone for this sub-neighborhood. Staff is also concerned with how the south and west façades of the garage will be clad/treated as they will be 2-stories tall near the property lines, as these sides will not be wrapped with commercial or residential space. 

The applicant (Modera Overlake) is proposing an 8-story building, which is possible in this zone with the use various incentive techniques, including the payment of in-lieu fee for plaza dedication, Green Building Incentives, subterranean parking, and provide housing above the minimum required. At this bulk, wire-frame, study stage, staff is concerned with massing, façade and roof modulation, and exterior façade material selection.  [Color schemes and other items will also be studied.]

Tuesday, January 9, 2018

Updated: Sears store in Overlake urban center proposed for major redevelopment

By Tom Hinman, Facilitator
Imagine Overlake

For those of you who wondered what was to become of the Sears site in Overlake, here's the answer.  The development company Seritage has proposed a project that covers a 14 acre parcel that includes a park (over the new storm water vault) in a master planned mixed use development. View the project design HERE.  It's amazing.  The project, known as Heritage Place, has been approved by the Design Review Board per information linked below and will be the subject of an initial Redmond City Council study session on January 23rd.  There will be another study session on March and a public hearing on this development a bit later on.

Tuesday, June 30, 2015

Opinion: Campaign Kick-off for Steve Fields, Candidate for Mayor of Redmond


WP_20150625_004
Steve Fields at Downpour Coffee

Campaign Kick-off event for Steve Fields running for Mayor of Redmond.  The event was held at 6 PM, on Thursday, June 25th, at the Downpour Coffee Bar in Redmond 
 

Approximately 50 people attended the event, including former Mayor Rosemarie Ives, and representatives of business, youth and community enterprises from Redmond and Kirkland.  Steve Fields was actively meeting and talking to the attendees, as was his wife Ronni and son Jackson.

Thursday, February 20, 2014

Imagine Overlake - Coming Soon

By Tom Hinman
Overlake is a shopping district adjoining Bellevue and Redmond neighborhoods that will be transformed over the next decade. Although Redmond is planning much of what will become the Overlake Village light-rail station area, developments in this community-to-be will be key to eastern Bellevue’s future as well.


Did you know that Sound Transit’s East Link station In Overlake Village will connect surrounding Bellevue neighborhoods to Seattle and connections north and south? This includes neighborhoods able to access the Overlake Village station from the north using a new bicycle/pedestrian bridge over SR 520.  Read More >>

Monday, January 13, 2014

Imagine Overlake, by Tom Hinman


Imagine Overlake –

Did you know that the Overlake Village Park being discussed at City Hall on January 15th is only the first of three parks to be developed in Overlake over the next 20 years?  More than 9 acres of parkland will eventually be built to provide the level of service needed as that neighborhood grows.  How these three community resources complement each other to create a “place” in Overlake should be considered as the first park planned for Overlake Village.  Read More >>

Wednesday, January 8, 2014

Open House scheduled for Capstone's Overlake Village Park concept.

By Tom Hinman
 
In about a half a month, (January 15th at 6pm), there will be a second Open House in Redmond City Hall on Capstone's Overlake Village Park concept.  The graphics from the December 4th Open House were posted Monday at
http://www.redmond.gov/cms/One.aspx?portalId=169&pageId=67285.  This gives time for the community to review and digest some of the information provided earlier.  Public comments are still desired as design proceeds.
 
Besides recent photos of the site (see in particular views of the park parcel on Capstone pages 8-10) there are City infrastructure/context sketches of Overlake.  Note that nine acres of parks, 11 miles of trails and a community center will eventually be needed to provide the level of service to Overlake prescribed in City planning documents.  (These community amenities will occur in phases -- 3.5 park acres by 2020 inclusive of the 2.6 acre Capstone development and 5.5 acres more by 2030 as the neighborhood grows.)  Some of the newer parkland will be built over the stormwater vault currently being constructed west of 151st at Bel-Red Road as shown in a City concept sketch at the link above.  The Northern Stormwater Vault/Park west of 152nd between 26th and 27th will be built sometime in the future and contribute to the additional 5.5 acres of park space required.  

Friday, December 6, 2013

Letter: How Green is the Greystone Development?

The Winter, 2013 issue of Redmond Focus spoke with pride on the tree retention plan and replacement trees to be planted as compensation for those lost during construction of the Greystone housing development in North Redmond.  In April, 2013 Sustainable Redmond presented the City Council with findings from a Natural Resources study of Redmond’s tree retention practices which included a statistical analysis of Greystone.  Here are our findings based on the public record:
Read More >>

Wednesday, April 3, 2013

Sustainable Redmond asks Council to review the City of Redmond's tree protection policy

Sustainable Redmond, led by Board Member Tom Hinman gave a 20 minute "Items From The Audience" presentation to the City Council last night about the rapid loss of tree canopy in Redmond and its ramifications to our environment.  He specifically asked council to remand a staff report back to the Planning Commission for reconsideration of Sustainable Redmond's tree protection amendment to the Comprehensive Plan.  Council will hold a study session on the topic next week. 

Three environmental policy interns and citizen Susan Wilkins contributed to Mr. Hinman's presentation.  They spent hours of research time reviewing 15 development projects in North Redmond, Education Hill, Grasslawn, Group Health and other neighborhoods looking for data that documents harm to the environment from excessive tree removal practices.  Tree preservation findings from 2010-2013 showed 3,510 significant trees and 382 landmark trees were removed from these projects. Only Bear Creek neighborhood kept 100% of their landmark trees.  One intern calculated 6 million gallons/year of stormwater is untreated, 550 tons of carbon/year is unsequestered, and $179,000 value is lost per year by removal of these trees.  Loss of tree canopy is now considered a significant indicator of environmental health.  Read More >>

Thursday, January 10, 2013

Sustainable Redmond voices support for urban tree conservation at Redmond Planning Commission

Just over a year ago, a controversy arose in Redmond regarding preservation of over 1,000 trees in Overlake. Much of the discussion centered on the manner by which the public was informed about plans to remove significant and landmark trees and the administrative exceptions to City tree protection regulations that would enable cutting 100% of the trees on a given property. In the process, many ecological and community benefits of mature urban trees were emphasized by speakers in public testimony to Redmond’s City Council.
 
In trying to learn from that experience, Sustainable Redmond submitted proposed amendments to Redmond’s Comprehensive Plan last April. Those proposals are now coming before the Planning Commission for review as they make their way to the City Council for consideration. The amendments seek to improve public notice processes, enhance opportunities for public engagement and promote a better understanding of the process by which tree exceptions are granted. (Exceptions are currently granted behind closed doors by a Technical Committee.) The Comprehensive Plan amendments also seek to retain some mature trees in urban centers when possible rather than have them replaced by smaller specimens with lesser ecological value.
 
Join Sustainable Redmond in voicing your support for these regulatory improvements at the Planning Commission on Wednesday night, January 16th at 7pm. The full amendment package can be found at: http://www.redmond.gov/cms/One.aspx?portalId=169&pageId=556 More information will also be posted at www.sustainableredmond.org. Your support of these amendments is encouraged so we can create positive change and move beyond the status quo in protecting natural resources in our community.
 
Tom Hinman, Board Member
Sustainable Redmond
Redmond WA

Monday, December 3, 2012

Volunteers salvage over 600 plants from Group Health site


Hinman's transplanting volunteers

Tom Hinman's "Sustainable Redmond" facilitated the salvaging of native plants at the former Group Health hospital site before the understory vegetation was lost to redevelopment. The Native Plant Society had a dig on November 15th and December 1 with the Green Kirkland Team totaling 150 plants.

Eastside Audubon organized a salvage work party on Saturday, December 1st totaling over 450 plants from 40 volunteers.  Sword Fern, Salale, Oregon Grape were the popular shrubs.  The plants were transported to Marymoor Park Bird Loop and stored.  On Saturday, January 5, 8 AM, volunteers can meet at Parking Log G to install the plants into a hillside on the Loop.

The picture on the left taken by Tom Hinman with his volunteers celebrating their "trophy sword fern."  Redmond Councilmember Hank Myers participated.    

-- Bob Yoder, updated 8/14/2022

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Four Redmond Residents nominated for Leadership Eastside awards.

Karin Duval, Managing Director
LE Class of '11
From the desk of Karin Duval, Managing Director, LE...

Hi Bob,

Leadership Eastside (LE) recently held their annual LENi Awards Gala honoring community leaders in the region. Four Redmond Residents were nominated for an award:

John Marchione (LE '08), Mayor of the City of Redmond, was nominated for a Vision Award, for his leadership around the rejuvenation of Redmond.

Linda Benson, Vice President, Community Initiatives, Hope-link, was nominated for a Vision Award for her work to end hunger,

Tom Hinman, Community Leader, for a Sustainability Award for his passion around Liveable Redmond, and

Linda Hall, Director, Housing Development and Operations at YWCA for a Catalyst Award for her amazing decade of leadership creating the Issaquah Family Village.   Read More >>

Saturday, August 6, 2011

Most residents at city meeting favor backyard chickens, but concerns were raised.

(l-r) City Planner Lori Peckol, Howard Harrison
 (a composter),
 Planner Kim Deitz and college intern Andrea May

35 citizens give mostly positive input at August 3 city meeting on backyard chickens.  But, some objections and concerns are raised.       
UPDATED OPINION:   I talked my wife (Pam)  into going to this city-sponsored community meeting last Wednesday on backyard chickens. She was brought up on a farm in California and was one of the few skeptical participants attending.
City planners were requesting citizen input on chickens in preparation for proposing new language for the Comprehensive Plan Update that would allow backyard chickens on lots smaller than 1/2 acre.  Participants discussed seven animal husbandry topics.  Input from this meeting, a city survey and Planning Commission recommendations will be reviewed by city council before they make their decision sometime this year. 
The meeting was loaded mostly with pro-backyard chicken advocates.  About 31 citizens attended plus councilmembers Hank Myers and Kim Allen, and Planning Commission chair Tom Hinman.  Staff presence was heavy, with at least six city planners guiding discussions on seven chicken topics.  
A small minority of participants (~3) expressed genuine skepticism on various issues of backyard chickens. 
Richard Grubb, past Redmond council member, was very outspoken  Read More >>

Wednesday, August 11, 2010

Commissioner Tom Hinman Leads Council Session On "Sustainability"

UPDATED (8/12):  At the Redmond City Council Derby Days booth our representatives weren't just handing out ice-cold  "Otter Pops" !   Councilmembers also listened to comments from passing citizens..

According to a Council report, one citizen wanted to learn more about the Planning Commission and how to connect to them.

Presto!   Wouldn't you know it?   Council invited the Planning Commission to their study session meeting last night - to address the value and need for "Sustainability" in Redmond.  Commission Chair Tom Hinman masterfully lead the thought provoking conversation.   Do you care to listen in?

Tom's 4+ minute talk begins right at the start of the meeting.  The entire council joins in.   This is one of the most revealing  Council meetings (video) I've seen.

Definition of "Sustainability": "to satisfy the needs of today without compromising the future's ability to meet its needs." The three components of sustainability are: environmental, economic, and social dimensions. Ref. United Nations.

Reported By Bob Yoder
Commission Photo on City Website - Tom Hinman (purple shirt)

Rough notes on the meeting  (read more)

Thursday, January 24, 2008

Do we want "tall buildings" in Redmond?


Today's Seattle Times article about some residents in Kirkland resisting tall buildings, brings attention to our land use plans for Overlake and Downtown Urban Centers. (On the left is Redmond's first "skyscraper", the downtown 6-story Cleveland Building condos.)

Kirkland has a lot at stake in their decisions about building heights. They are blessed with the beauty of Lake Washington views from hillside neighborhoods, lakeside parks, waterfront businesses, and their harbor charm. Yes, Kirkland must cope with GOOGLE moving into downtown with their 640 parking spaces. But GOOGLE is no Microsoft.

At present, most everyone in Redmond agrees that Overlake Urban Center is "no spring chicken". Actually, the only views we might have in Overlake would come from building tall buildings!

A quick look at the approved Overlake Urban Center plan map gives a concise summary on how Overlake will grow. Months of planning took place. Citizens participated in design and visual preferences conferences. Planning commissioners, led by Tom Hinman and staffer Jame Jonas jjonas@redmond.gov , worked tirelessly to build a thorough, indexed planning document; everything you'd want on the Overlake Urban Center plan is here.

So what was decided about building height, design and visual preferences? Take a look at the links above, but in short, it looks like the city will take "baby steps" in the "build-up". The premier Group Health site will be built on rolling topography where a proposed 12 story building will blend with the land. Concerns for building heights over 5 stories centered around adequate lighting, view preservation, and enclosed courtyards.

In one sense, scenic waterfront and territorial views in Overlake are rare so building-up is less challenging than Kirkland. Equally fortunate, Overlake is ideally located next to Microsoft! Workers will have easy access to their employer and many may walk or ride bicycles! Thus, building high density with taller buildings (and underground parking lots) in Overlake is a natural.

Two other amenties exist for the area: 1) access to 520 and future high capacity transit and 2) the international cultural flavor of the center. If you want to eat international cuisine, some of the best is right here.

As long as we follow Mayor John Marchione's lead to "take small steps" as we build "up", I think we are on the right track for a visually appealing and functional Overlake. Don't you?

And then, there's our downtown! I've heard about shorter heights there -- up to 6 stories?

Sunday, November 11, 2007

9/11/07, Impressions of Hank Myers council debut

UPDATE, 4/15/2024 - Council member Henry "Hank" Myers has been in office almost two years.  From my weekly Council viewing and reporting it's clear he's a dedicated and tireless representative.  It's sometimes difficult to discern his true position though it appears he leans to the right.  

As Council Chair of Parks and Human Resources he has attended several GreenRedmond tree-planting work parties.  He tenaciously supports the SE Industries lobby, RICE.  RICE lobbies for "hands off" on costly stormwater regulations.  They backed Hank during his run for Council.  Mr. Myers basks in his political atmosphere. He often addresses Council during meetings in a formal, speech-like manner, sometimes leading with a list of credentials. Myers is very smart with career experience in regulatory matters.  My nickname for Hank is "Wiser Myers."   He's a man of very good humor and would laugh at this moniker.  

I scanned the Council meeting last night on my DVD. The highlight was watching Hank Myers getting sworn into the City Council and watching him in action. He had his first night at the Council Study Session "Roundtable" and was awesome. Hank demonstrated confidence, leadership, transportation expertise, enthusiasm and commitment in his new role. My first impression of Mr. Myers is that he will be a valuable and welcome addition to Redmond government.

Conversation kicked off on The Overlake Urban Master Plan. This topic gave Mr. Myers an excellent opportunity to demonstrate his expertise in his career field of "transportation economics" & planning. He interacted very effectively with Tom Hinman and Susan Petipas of the Planning Commission AND staff. You could feel the new energy and buzz at the council table. Even Cole was especially relaxed and funny. I think Cole felt a burden of responsibility lift with the presence of Hank.

OPINION by Yoder, 9/11/2007 - Updated, 4/15/2024